Governance and Morality Concerning Parental Use of Patient Portals for Minors
Patient portals are online applications that allow patients to access their health information, communicate with their providers, schedule appointments, request prescription refills, and more. They are designed to enhance patient engagement, empowerment, and satisfaction, as well as improve health outcomes and quality of care. However, patient portals also raise some ethical and legal challenges, especially when it comes to minors.
Minors are individuals who have not reached the age of legal adulthood, which varies by state but is usually 18 or 21 years old. Minors have limited rights and responsibilities in health care decision making, and often depend on their parents or guardians for consent and access to their medical records. However, minors may also have some privacy rights and autonomy in certain situations, such as when they seek confidential services related to sexual health, mental health, substance abuse, or domestic violence. In these cases, minors may not want their parents or guardians to know about their health issues or treatments, and may have the legal right to withhold such information from them.
Patient portals pose a dilemma for minors and their parents or guardians, as well as for health care providers and organizations. On one hand, patient portals can facilitate communication, education, and involvement of parents or guardians in their children’s health care, which can benefit the minors’ health and well-being. On the other hand, patient portals can also compromise the minors’ privacy and confidentiality, and potentially expose them to harm or coercion from their parents or guardians. For example, a parent or guardian may access a minor’s patient portal account without the minor’s consent or knowledge, and discover sensitive information that the minor wanted to keep private. Alternatively, a parent or guardian may pressure or manipulate a minor to share their patient portal login credentials or information with them.
To address this dilemma, different states have different laws and policies regarding parental access to adolescent patient portals. Some states follow the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule, which generally allows parents or guardians to access their minor children’s health information unless the minor is emancipated, has consented to their own care, or has received confidential services. Other states have more restrictive laws that limit parental access to adolescent patient portals based on the type of service, the age of the minor, or the discretion of the provider. Some states also allow minors to apply for their own patient portal accounts at a certain age, which gives them more control over their health information and communication preferences.
The governance and morality of parental use of patient portals for minors is a complex and evolving issue that requires careful consideration of the rights and interests of all parties involved. Health care providers and organizations should be aware of the relevant laws and policies in their state, and develop clear and consistent guidelines for granting or denying parental access to adolescent patient portals. They should also educate minors and their parents or guardians about the benefits and risks of patient portals, and respect their choices and preferences whenever possible. Moreover, they should protect the minors’ privacy and confidentiality by using secure technology, implementing appropriate safeguards, and monitoring unauthorized access or misuse of patient portals.
Works Cited
– HITEQ Center. “Minor and Parental Access to Patient Portals.” HITEQ Center – Resources – HITEQ Center – Minor And Parental Access To Patient Portals (2020). Web. 4 Jan. 2024.
– Mayo Clinic Health System. “Patient Portal: Teens Connect To Care.” Mayo Clinic Health System – Patient Portal: Teens Connect To Care (2020). Web. 4 Jan. 2024.
– NORCAL Group. “Parental Access To Adolescent Patient Portals.” NORCAL Group – Library – Parental Access To Adolescent Patient Portals (2020). Web. 4 Jan. 2024.
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